Discussion

The spread of satire, parody, manipulation, fabrication, and propaganda is likely inevitable in modern society. Indeed, social media plays a large part in its imminent spread.

News is no longer simply reported by journalists or distributed by public relation professionals. The audience is also an active participant in creating and sharing news. Unfortunately, fake news stories gain power as misinformation and disinformation are spread. Practitioners need to be aware of the potential for fake news coverage and should consider ways to manage and combat fake news.

During a fake news crisis, practitioners should keep in mind the Page Principles to guide their ethical reasoning and strategic recommendations.